朗阁海外考试研究中心
在雅思写作中，提到犯罪类的写作话题，很多学生会觉得其中的一些内容是十分陌生的，而且在面对这类写作话题时，会时常感到无从下手，不知从何谈起。以下是与犯罪类有关的三大原则，考生如将这几大原则灵活地运用到自己的文章中去，即使再碰到类似话题，也不会措手不及了。
量刑原则
1.Somepeoplebelievethatthereshouldbefixedpunishmentforeachtypeofcrime.Others,however,arguethatthecircumstancesofanindividualcrime,andthemotivationformittingit,shouldalwaysbetakenintoaccountwhendecidingonthepunishment.Discussboththeseviewsandgiveyourownopinion.
Argumentsforfixedpunishment:
1.固定惩罚可以确保公正性
Fixedpunishmentisasuremeasuretoavoidanyunfairnessoccurringinthecourtoflaw,guaranteeingthejusticeoflaws,regardlessoftheirgender,race,religion,socialstatus,etc.
2.固定惩罚可以起到震慑作用
Thiskindofpenaltyexertsadeterringeffectonthepotentialcriminals,i.e.,ifsomeoneisinclinedtomitsomeoffenses,theywouldnotmakedecisionseasily.
Argumentsagainstfixedpunishment:
1.在一些特殊情况下的犯罪可以减刑
Someoffendersdonotintendtodoillegaldeeds,buteitherareforcedtodosoorareforself-protectionpurposes.
2.有些犯罪动机可以得到豁免
Undersuchcircumstancesasnaturaldisasters,manypeoplestealsomenecessitiesinordertogothroughthesedifficulties,likestealingfoodfromthegroceryormarketsordrugsfromthehospitalorclinic,whichisfullyjustifiedforthemtobeexemptfromthesecrimes.
2.Cancapitalpunishment(deathpenalty)everbejustified?
Argumentsagainstcapitalpunishment:
1.死刑只是对罪犯的一种处罚，而并不能够将犯罪行为中受害者生命挽回，或者赔偿其所遭受的伤害。
Capitalpunishment,whicheventhoughmanagestobringthecriminalstojustice,couldbynomeanspensateforphysical,mentalandpsychologicalsufferingsinflictedonvictims,orinsomeextremecases,bringbacktheirlives.
2.无论一个人犯多大的错误，其他人都无权剥夺其生命。（人权）
Itisentirelyunjustifiedtodepriveoneofhis/herrightstoliveregardlessofhowinsanelysevereandcrueltheoffenseshe/shehasmittedare.（Thissubjectmatterhasboileddowntothecontroversialissueofhumanrights.）
Argumentsforcapitalpunishment:
1.如果死刑犯没有受到最为严厉的惩罚，那么这对受害者是不公平的。
Itwouldbeonlyfairforthevictimsifthecriminalsaresubjecttothegreatestfearofall—death.
2.如果死刑取消的话，那么很多潜在的罪犯就不会顾忌做出一些极为可怕的犯罪行为。
Ifcapitalpunishmentisevertobedoneawaywith,thepotentialwrong-doerswouldn’tbedeterredfrommittingstaggeringlyseriousoffensesamongwhichserialmurderprovesparticularlyappalling.
惩处罪犯原则
1.Shouldcriminalsbesenttoprisonsorplacedoneducationandjobretraining?
Argumentsforprison:
1.监狱同教育或就业培训相比有很强的阻吓作用，这样可以有效地抑制犯罪率的上升。
Instarkcontrasttoplacingcriminalsoneducationalcoursesoremploymentretraining,prisonsappearedmoreeffectiveindeterringpotential,would-bewrongdoersfrommittingcrimes,thusdrasticallydecreasingthelikelihoodofrisingcrimerate.
2.监狱更多地对罪犯来说是一种惩罚，因此能够避免再犯。
Imprisonmentisapunitivemeasureimposedoncriminalswhoarehighlyunlikelytoturnintoarecidivistinconsiderationoftheirfearofsettingfootintojailseveragain.
Argumentsforeducationandjobretraining:
1.罪犯在监狱里所被包围的是一群囚犯，这对罪犯的改造不是好的，反而是不好的影响。接受教育可以让罪犯在一个积极的环境里，真正地意识到对与错。
Surroundedbypeoplewhoprobablyhavemittedevenmoreseriouscharges,the“new”criminalsareexposedtosuchdestructiveimpact.Educationservestocorrectanymisconceptionoreliminatetwistedthoughtstheyhavebyimmersingtheminapositiveenvironment.
2.大多数罪犯往往是没有什么文化知识和生存技能，出狱后通常很难找到工作。教育和就业培训能够让他们在日后的生活中靠自己生存下去，而不至于因为没有收入来源而再次误入歧途。
Asignificantproportionofcriminalsaresadlyilliteratewithoutadequatefundamentalknowledgeandsurvivalskillsanditwouldnotbeeasyforthemtofindadecentjobafterbeingreleasedfromthejail.Withconvenientaccesstoeducationandjobretraining,theyareabletosurvivebythemselves,greatlyreducingthechanceofbingarecidivistintimeswhentheyarefinanciallychallenged.
2.Sendingcriminalstoprisonisnotthebestmethodofdealingwiththem.Educationandjobtrainingarebetterwaystohelpthem.Doyouagreeordisagree?
在支持把犯人送入监狱的观点与上文一样。
有其他更好的方法，可以提及再教育、职业培训、社区服务、罚款等方法都是更可行的惩罚方式。这些方式既能有效地惩罚犯罪，又为社会创造了财富。
此外，比起惩罚，预防才是降低犯罪治本的办法，政府应当加强媒体宣传，增强民众法制观念，关心弱势群体。
青少年犯罪原则
Inmanypartsoftheworldchildrenandteenagersaremittingmorecrimes.
Whyisthiscasehappening?Howshouldchildrenorteenagersbepunished?
青少年犯罪的原因：
1.家庭：存在家庭暴力的家庭和被父母忽视甚至虐待的家庭中的孩子更有可能犯罪。
Thesoaringcrimerateofteenagersismainlyduetothefamily,rangingfromthedomesticviolencetoentireignorancetoparentalspoil.
2.媒体：电视、电脑游戏、网络中充斥着大量的暴力与色情内容。
Theviolenceandpornographyaresomonontheintethatchildrenandteenagersarehighlyexposedtothiskindofinappropriateinformation.
惩罚方法：
1.再教育reeducation
Alargenumberofteenagersmitcrimesarepartlybecauseoftheirignoranceintheknowledgeoflawsandregulations,havingnoideaoftheresponsibilitytheywillassumeiftheydosuchillegalthings.Givingthemeducationwillbeaneffectivewaytomakethembeawareoftheirguilty.
2.社区服蝝unityservice
Communityserviceenablesthesepeopletotaketheresponsibilityofmakingupfortheircrimes.
如果考试能将上文中出现的思想和句子与自己的文章进行很好的融化，那么对于这种类型的话题就不会觉得束手无策了。
