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雅思阅读考试中，要求考生的不只是上千上万的词汇量，同时还有速度。如何能够在1个小时内，高效率的完成40个问题，就得需要考生们对问题答案所在位置的快速精准定位。本文中，朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家将以剑桥雅思4中的几篇文章为例，给考生们讲解快速定位法。

段落定位要求考生在拿到一篇文章后，首先要对文章进行略读，读文章标题，每个段落的首尾句，掌握文章的大意，了解每段在讲什么，有助于下一步看问题的时候可以先确定这个问题的段落位置。

词汇定位要求考生在对文章略读后，看问题，并划出定位词。定位词在之前《雅思阅读之定位》一文中已经讨论过，主要是一些名词。结合对每段意思的掌握，确定好问题的段落位置后，再通过划出的问题中的定位词在段落中定位答案的最后位置。

我们以剑桥4Test1Passage2进行演练：

1.略读题目和段落

Title:Whatdowhalesfeel?

Anexaminationofthefunctioningofthesensesincetaceans,thegroupofmammalsprisingwhales,dolphinsandporpoises.

从对标题的阅读中，我们可以了解到这篇文章要讲的是鲸的感官，thesensesofwhales.在这里我们可以预测下感官有哪些，同时可以对下面文章的内容进行预测。

Paragraph1:

Someofthesensesthatweandotherterrestrialmammalstakeforgrantedareeitherreducedorabsentincetaceansforfailtofunctionwellinwater.Forexample,itappearsfromtheirbrainstructurethattoothedspeciesareunabletosmell.Baleenspecies,ontheotherhand,appeartohavesomerelatedbrainstructuresbutitisnotknownwhetherthesearefunctional.Ithasbeenspeculatedthat,astheblowholesevolvedandmigratedtothetopofthehead,theneuralpathwaysservingsenseofsmellmayhavebeennearlyallsacrificed.Similarly,althoughatleastsomecetaceanshavetastebuds,thenervesservingthesehavedegeneratedorarerudimentary.

从首句的主干中得出一些感官在退化，消失或者在水中已失去了功用。紧跟在这句话后面的是个forexample,说明后面再举些这类型的感官。最后一句以similarly开头，说明即使最后一句也是一个例子，然后是个名词tastebuds,说到了味觉，用了degenerated,rudimentary描述这个味觉，rudimentary大多数考生不认识，但degenerated可以根据构词法推出是退化。

Paragraph2:

Thesenseoftouchhassometimesbeendescribedasweaktoo,butthisviewisprobablymistaken.Trainersofcaptivedolphinsandsmallwhalesoftenremarkontheiranimals’responsivenesstobeingtouchedorrubbed,andbothcaptiveandfree-rangingcetaceanindividualsofallspecies(particularlyadultsandcalves,ormembersofthesamesubgroup)appeartomakefrequentcontact.Thiscontactmayhelptomaintainorderwithinagroup,andstrokingortouchingarepartofthecourtshipritualinmostspecies.Theareaaroundtheblowholeisalsoparticularlysensitiveandcaptiveanimalsoftenobjectstronglytobeingtouchedthere.

首句一看就知道这段是讲触觉，touch,并且发现有个but转折，在转折前说触觉有时被描述为很弱的，转折后说这是错误的，表明这段后面要具体证明这一观点。最后一句也是在具体讲解触觉这个感官。

Paragraph3:

Thesenseofvisionisdevelopedtodifferentdegreesindifferentspecies.Baleenspeciesstudiedatclosequartersunderwater-specificallyagreywhalecalfincaptivityforayear,andfree-rangingrightwhalesandhumpbackwhalesstudiedandfilmedoffArgentinaandHawaii-haveobviouslytrackedobjectswithvisionunderwater,andtheycanapparentlyseemoderatelywellbothinwaterandinair.However,thepositionoftheeyessorestrictsandfieldofvisioninbaleenwhalesthattheyprobablydonothavestereoscopicvision.

读首句就可看出这段讲的是视觉。最后一句提到了baleenwhales的眼睛位置限制了它们的视觉域，theyprobablydonothavestereoscopicvision.

Paragraph4:

Ontheotherhand,thepositionoftheeyesinmostdolphinsandporpoisessuggeststhattheyhavestereoscopicvisionforwardanddownward.Eyepositioninfreshwaterdolphins,whichoftenswimontheirsideorupsidedownwhilefeeding,suggeststhatwhatvisiontheyhaveisstereoscopicforwardandupward.Byparison,thebottlenosedolphinhasextremelykeenvisioninwater.Judgingfromthewayitwatchesandtracksairborneflyingfish,itcanapparentlyseefairlywellthroughtheair-waterinterfaceaswell.Andalthoughpreliminaryexperimentalevidencesuggeststhattheirin-airvisionispoor,theaccuracywithwhichdolphinsleaphightotakesmallfishoutofatrainer’shandprovidesanecdotalevidencetothecontrary.

首句有ontheotherhand表转折，说明要和上段有联系，接着往后看又说到了眼睛的位置，这次说的是mostdolphinsandporpoises,theyarenotlikethebaleenwhales,theyhavestereoscopicvisionforwardanddownward.

Paragraph5:

Suchvariationcannodoubtbeexplainedwithreferencetothehabitatsinwhichindividualspecieshavedeveloped.Forexample,visionisobviouslymoreusefultospeciesinhabitingclearopenwatersthantothoselivinginturbidriversandfloodedplains.TheSouthAmericanboutuandChinesebeiji,forinstance,appeartohaveverylimitedvision,andtheIndiansususareblind,theireyesreducedtoslitsthatprobablyallowthemtosenseonlythedirectionandintensityoflight.

首句一读的话会发现一个重要的词汇habitats.在这句之后又有了forexample,同时看到了vision,说明这段讲vision和habitats的关系。

Paragraph6:

Althoughthesensesoftasteandsmellappeartohavedeteriorated,andvisioninwaterappearstobeuncertain,suchweaknessesaremorethanpensatedforbycetaceans’well-developedacousticsense.Mostspeciesarehighlyvocal,althoughtheyvaryintherangeofsoundstheyproduce,andmanyforageforfoodusingecholocation.Largebaleenwhalesprimarilyusethelowerfrequenciesandareoftenlimitedintheirrepertoire.Notableexceptionsarethenearlysong-likechorusesofbowheadwhalesinsummerandtheplex,hauntingutterancesofthehumpbackwhales.Toothedspeciesingeneralemploymoreofthefrequencyspectrum,andproduceawidervarietyofsounds,thanbaleenspecies(thoughthespermwhaleapparentlyproducesamonotonousseriesofhigh-energyclicksandlittleelse).Someofthemoreplicatedsoundsareclearlymunicative,althoughwhatroletheymayplayinthesociallifeand‘culture’ofcetaceanshasbeenmorethesubjectofwildspeculationthanofsolidscience.

首句是although引导的让步状语，讲到taste,smellandvision都变弱了，但却被acousticsense所弥补了。关键还得了解acoustic的意思，这个词的意思可以通过考生自己对感官的常识，联系前面已经谈到的感官进行排除猜测得出听觉。

2.问题中划关键词

对文章的大意和每个段落的大意了解后，接着看问题，Questions15-21.

这是个表格，首先看到字数限制：不超过三个单词。

然后看这个表格，有四列，分别是：sense,species,abilityandments.

看到sense,分为了smell,taste,touch,visionandhearing,正好对应了文章的几个段落。Question15对应taste,是文章的第一段，然后通过划出问题中的定位名词nerves去第一段定位，找到最后一句，对其进行分析后发现问题中的underdeveloped和文章中的degenerated是同义的，因此这里填tastebuds.

Question16-19对应vision,文中第三，四，五段讲解vision。然后Question16是species,预测是动物，划出定位词stereoscopicvision.Question17划出定位词dolphins,porpoises,stereoscopicvision,Question18同样预测是填入动物类型的词，定位词stereoscopicvisionforwardandupward.Question19划出定位词bottlenosedolphin,air-waterinterface,去文章中的这三段定位，找答案。

Question20,21对应hearing,文中最后一段讲解听觉，这两题先大致定位到最后两段，Question20再通过定位词mostlargebaleen,repertoirelimited定位，Question21通过song-like定位。

3.总结

本文主要是帮助考生们快速高效的找到问题的答案所在，首先对文章大意和各个段落大意有所了解，然后通过阅读问题，确定问题所在的段落位置，接着划出问题中的定位词，通过定位词确定答案在相应段落中的位置。同时，朗阁海外考试研究中心建议考生们可以用这种略读的方法多阅读些报刊杂志，比如：NewScientist,TheEconomist,NationalGeographic等。