朗阁海外考试研究中心
在多年的写作教学中,笔者发现很多雅思和新托福考生在写作中无法灵活运用句子结构,无法实现句子结构的多样化运用。很多考生为此费尽心思,不知道该从何处着手练习,使文章中的句子能够多样化。事实上,我们可以采用不同的句子开头使句子多样化。朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家认为,写作的时候不应该总是用“subject-verb-object”的结构顺序,而应该尽量用不同的方式展开一个句子。不同的句子开头既可以美化句子,同时也能使句子与句子之间自然过度,衔接自然,以免过于依赖过渡词。在雅思和新托福考试中,写作考官对句子结构的多样化也是非常重视的。下面,朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家将给广大考生介绍使句子开头多样化的方式方法。
【副词开头】
(1)副词修饰全句
Luckily,hedidn'tknowmyphonenumber;otherwise,hewouldbotherme.
Incredibly,HelenagotstraightAinherschoolreportthissemester.
Interestingly,catsanddogscanhardlygetalongwellinahouse.
修饰全句常用的副词有:obviously,undoubtedly,apparently,fortunately,clearly,unfortunately,incredibly,luckily,unluckily,surprisingly,frighteningly等。
这些副词大多数表示说话人对全句的看法,在意思上相当于“Itis...形容词that...”。
比如:
Obviously,heisnervousaboutthetest.
=Itisobviousthatheisnervousaboutthetest.
Unfortunately,hetrippedoverandfellinthemud.
=Itisunfortunatethathetrippedoverandfellinthemud.
(2)强调副词
Hurriedly,themandrewmeascratchmaptoshowmethedirection.
Dangerously,thedrunkardspeddownthestreet.
Slowlyandgently,snowflakesweredriftingdownfromthesky.
(3)副词表示某一地域或某一领域
Geographically,Canadaisthebiggestcountryintheworld.
Financially,sheisindependent,butemotionallysheisdependent.
【插入语开头】
用插入语开头,表示说话人的态度,或使句子的意思更加准确:
Strangelyenough,Jenniferdoesnotenjoysunshineandbeach.
Generallyspeaking,winterinVancouverisgloomy.
类似的插入语有:nowonder,nodoubt,inotherwords,inmyopinion,inconclusion,infact,asamatteroffact等。
【形容词和形容词短语开头】
用形容词、并列形容词或形容词短语开头,修饰句子的主语,表示主语的特征或状态:
Frantic,theyoungmotherrushedoutthedoorwiththebabyinherarms.
Tastyandcrisp,potatochipisafavoritesnackforbothchildrenandadults.
Happyathisgoodmarksatschool,thelittleboyskippedonhiswayhome.
Desperateandhopeless,thepoormanmittedsuicide.
【分词和分词短语开头】
(1)修饰句子主语,表示主语所处的状态或主语同时进行的另一个较谓语动词次要的动作
Scared,thegirlmovedtimidlyandcautiouslyintothedarkroom.(状态)
Casedbymydearpetcat,themousedashedintoasmallhole.(状态)
Spoiledbyhisparents,thenaughtyboyalwaysinsistsonthingshewants.(状态)
Puffingandhugging,hefinishedhisrun.(另一动作)
Lookingatherselfinthemirror,shefingeredhersilkscarfonhershoulder.(另一动作)
(2)修饰谓语动词,表示原因、时间等
Lyingdownonthecouch,hefeltmuchrelaxed.(时间)
Feelingbored,sheturnedontheTVandswitchedfromchanneltochannel.(原因)
Wantingtofindoutthebusinesshour,shecalledthestore.(原因)
Havingpletedtheform,hemaileditoutimmediately.(时间)
【介词短语开头】
用介词短语开头,表示句子谓语动词发生的时间、地点、方式、原因、条件等:
Onseeinghimapproach,thegirlimmediatelyturnedherfacetoashopwindowpretendingtolookatsomethingthere.(时间)
Aroundthecorner,acrowdgathered.(地点)
Unlikehisfather,Petertouchesneithercigarettesnoralcohol.(方式)
Duetothelimitofseats,hewasnotaccepted.(原因)
Incaseoffire,usethestairways.(条件)
【动词不定式开头】
动词不定式开头,强调谓语动词动作的目的:
TocelebratethearrivaloftheMillennium,weheldagrandpartyinthehotel.
Toshowmytrustonhim,Ideposited$10,000intohisbankaccount.
【独立分词短语开头】
用独立分词短语开头,使句子有正式的味道:
Birdssinginginthetree,anotherroutinedaystarts.
Seagullsflyingoverthewater,theoldfishermanflunghisfishingmeatintotheopensea.
Adogfollowingthem,thepolicesearchedeverysuspect.
【过渡句开头】
用过渡句开头,表示此句与上下句的关系:
Consequently,Isloweddowntoavoidafineticket.
Infact,shewasakindheartedwoman.
【同位语开头】
Asigningofficerofthebank,Janesignshernamehundredsoftimeseachdayatwork.
ATVaddict,JimwatchesTVmoviesoneafteranothereveryeveninguntilaftermidnight.
【副词从句开头】
用副词从句开头,表示主句谓语动词发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、条件等:
Whenyouareinneedofhelp,givemeacall.
Whereveryougo,Ifollow.
Sinceyourchildrenlovehamburgersandfries,wemightaswelleatinMacDonald.
Asifitweresummer,everybodywearshortsandaT-shirt.
Incasethatyougetlost,callmeatthisnumber.
【名词从句开头】
用名词从句开头,作整句的主语:
Whetheryoutakethepositionornotmakesgreatdifferencetome.
WhyIamunhappyissomethingIcan'texplain.
Whattheyshoulddoabouttheholeintheroofistheirmostpressingproblem.
从以上朗阁海外考试研究中心介绍的诸多句子开头方法与例句中,我们可以领略到句式变化的多样性。考生们如果能够掌握上述方法,就会发现我们从原来最常用的名词和代词作主语的句式,变为如此多样化的句子开头。与此同时,灵活的运用句子结构实现句型结构的多样化也不再是一件困难的事。