短语动词
I.要点
英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种：
(1)动词+介词
常见的有lookfor,lookafter,sendfor,careabout,askfor,laughat,hearof(from),addto,leadto等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：
Don'tlaughatothers.
Ididn'tcareaboutit.
(2)动词+副词
常见的有giveup,pickup,thinkover,findout,handin,pointout等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：You'llhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.
Pleasedon'tforgettohanditin.
(3)动词+副词+介词
常见的有lookdownupon,goonwith,breakawayfrom,addupto,catchupwith等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：
Allhismoneyaddeduptonomorethan$100.
Afterashortrest,hewentonwithhisresearchwork.
(4)动词+名词+介词
常见的有takecareof,makeuseof,payattentionto,makefunof等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting.
Weshouldmakefulluseofourtime.
(5)动词+形容词
常见的有leaveopen,setfree,cutopen等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：
Theprisonersweresetfree.
Hecutitopen.
(6)动词+名词
常见的有takeplace,makefriends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：
Thisstorytookplacethreeyearsago.
Imakefriendswithalotofpeople.
(7)辨析
giveaway(让给，暴露)和giveup(放弃，停止)
putaway(放起，收起)和putout(扑灭)
turnup(出席，放大)和turnon(打开)
keepout(阻止)和keepoff(不让靠近)
makeup(编造，补上)和makeout(辨认)
takeoff(脱，起飞)和takeout(拿出)
II.例题
例1Itiswisetohavesomemoney____foroldage.
AputawayBkeptupCgivenawayDlaidup
解析：该题正确答案为A。意为"存";keepup意为"继续";giveaway意为"分发";layup"贮藏"。例2Here'smycard.Let'skeepin____.
AtouchBrelationCconnectionDfriendship
解析：该题正确答案为A.keepintouch为短语动词，意为"保持联系"。外语学习网
例3____!There'satraining.
ALookoutBLookaroundCLookforwardDLookon
解析：该题选A.lookout意为"小心"。
