资讯详情

现在完成时
 构成:主语 助动词have, has 过去分词
用法:
 1) 表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作,常和just, usually, already, since等时间副词连用。
   I have just had lunch. (饱了,不用再吃了。)
   He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了,不用再喝。)
   They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了。)
   The boy has already read the book. (已经知道书的内容了,不用再看了。)
 2) 询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时:
   Have you finished your homework?
   Have you been to Beijing?
   Has he seen the film?
 3) 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作
   I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.
   I have worked for this school for 1 year.
 4) 表示一种经历,经验:去过…地方,做过…事情,经历过…事情
   I have never had a bath.
   I have never seen a film.
   I have never been to cinema.
   I have ever been to Paris.
   Have been to表示去过,have gone to 表示去了
   I have been to London.(人已经回来)
   He has gone to London.(人还在那里)
 5) 表示一种结果, 一般不和时间副词联用
   I have lost my pen.
   I have hurt myself.
   He has become a teacher.
   She has broken my heart.
 
句型变化:
 ★变疑问句将助动词移到句首,变否定句在助动词后面加not.
   Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.
 ★肯定回答及否定回答
   Yes, I have. / No, I have not.
 ★特殊疑问句
   What have you done?
   What has he done?
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:
   凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时。
   注意:有些动词表示的动作有一个终点,不能再延续,因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用。
   错:I’ve left Beijing for 3 days.
   对:I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.