双语:如何给人留下良好第一印象
Eachtimeyoupickupthephoneandchatwithanewperson,thatstrangerissubconciouslyjudgingyoufromyourfirst"hello."Don'tgetmad:you,too,arejudgingthem.Newresearchindicatesthatwebegintoformfirstimpressionsbasedonhowsomeonesays"hello,"ScienceNOWreports—specifically,onhowthetoneoftheirvoicesounds.
每当你和一个陌生人通过电话聊天,他下意识地会根据你的第一句“哈啰”来评价你。别生气:你也是这样评价他们的。《今日科学》杂志报道称,新研究表明我们根据别人是如何说“哈啰”,即问好的方式,迅速形成第一印象------具体地来说,是根据他们的声调。
ResearchersintheU.K.recruitedaround60undergraduatestudents—halfmale,halffemale—andrecordedthemreadingashortpassageinanon-descriptvoice,ScienceNOWdescribes.Theteamediteddowntherecordings,leavingonlythepartwherethestudentspickedupthephoneandsaid"hello."Theythenaskedover300otherstudentstolistentotherecordingsofthatsinglewordandaskedtogiveanimpressionoftheunseenpersonspeakingit,suchashowtrustworthytheythoughtthatpersonwasorhowwarmtheirpersonalitysounded.(ScienceNOWprovideslinksforlisteningtobothasupposedlytrustworthyandanuntrustworthypersonsay"hello.")
《今日科学》报道称,英国的研究人员调查者雇用了60名本科生——其中男女各一半——请他们用非描述性声音朗读一小段话,并录音。调查团队对录音进行剪辑,只留下学生拿起电话说“你好”那部分。然后,他们另外邀请了300多名学生听“哈罗”的录音,请他们给出对这个尚未谋面的说话者的印象,例如此人是否可靠或者性格是否温和。(《今日科学》提供链接,让人听听被猜想为是可靠和不可靠的人是如何说“哈罗”的)。
Thestudentsdidn'thesitatetomakejudgementsaboutthespeakersattheotherendoftheline,andonaveragetheirassessmentsofthoseindividuals'personalitiesconverged,ScienceNOWreprots.Here'smoreonthosefindings:
《今日科学》表示,学生听完后,毫不犹豫地就对说话者作出判断;大多数人对同一个声音作出的判断大致相同。更多的发现:
Menwhoraisedthetoneoftheirvoices,andwomenwhoalternatedthepitchoftheirvoiceswereratedasmoretrustworthy.Menwithlowerpitchedvoicesweregenerallyperceivedasmoredominant.Buttheoppositewastrueforwomen:Thosewithhigheraveragepitchwereratedasmoredominant。
一般来说,大家觉得提高声调的男性和交替音调的女性更可靠。音调低沉的男性比较强势,而女性则相反,大家认为音调高的女性更强势。
Ourvocaltones,theresarchersconclude,arejustonemoretraitonthelistofthingswearejudgedby—andusetojudge—eachtimeweencounteranewperson,evenifwehavenocontroloversomeofthosetraits.
调查者总结说,音调是人们用于相互评价的特征之一:每当我们遇上一个新朋友,别人就会根据音调评价我们——我们也会根据音调评价对方——即使我们无法控制其中一些特征。