句子简化题是新题型之一,在这里我们相信的讲解一下.对于句子简化题,有一些题目如果句子不长,我们做题的基本原则就是:同义替换.找到原句中的关键的词在选项当中进行同义替换.例如,
Inevolutionaryhistory,thedevelopmentoflanguagesethumansapartfromtherestoftheanimalkingdom.
Whichsentencebelowbestexpressesthe
essentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?
Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveout
essentialinformation.
A.Humansevolvedasthemostpowerfulspeciesaftertheyaredevelopedlanguage.
B.Thecreationofhumanlanguagehasitsoriginsinthelanguageofanimals.
C.Theemergenceoflanguagedistinguishedearlyhumansfromotheranimals.
D.Humansandanimalsdevelopedpleteddifferentsystemsofmunication.
先来看题干:Whichsentencebelowbest
expressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthe
passage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleave
outessentialinformation.
该题要求从选项中选择一个能够表达原文阴影句子核心信息的句子.很多同学采用翻译的
方法做题,即首先翻译原句,然后逐个翻译四个选项.这种做法不仅浪费时间,而且对我们的读句子的能力要求极高.更好的做法是,首先判断句子的核心信息.这
是考题当中为数不多的原句比较简单的句子释义题,原句的核心概念在于强调区分(apart
from).因此找到同义替换,即是C项当中的distinguished.但是大多数题目的原文不会是一个简单句,多数是带有逻辑关系的复杂句.那么简
单的同义替换技巧就无法操作了.如何快速解决这种题型呢?我们主要分两个部分来解析.
其实,我们在托福
阅读读原句的时候并不需要完整的彻底的摄取信息,相反,我们通过快速浏览,只需要关注两个关键点:一是原句当中的表示程度,频率的词,二是原句当中的逻辑
关系.并不需要吸收所有信息,只需要快速浏览将所关注的信息点抓住即可,这样便节省了大量的时间.
Theextremeseriousnessof
desertificationresultsfromthevastareasoflandandthetremendous
numbersofpeopleaffected,aswellasfromthegreatdifficultyof
reversingorevenslowingtheprocess.
Whichsentencebelowbestexpressesthe
essentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?
Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveout
essentialinformation.
A.Desertificationisasignificant
problembecauseitissohardtoreverseandaffectslargeareasofland
andgreatnumbersofpeople.
B.Slowingdowntheprocessofdesertificationisdifficultbecauseofpopulationgrowth.
C.Thespreadofdesertsisconsidereda
veryseriousproblemthatcanbesolvedonlyiflargenumbersofpeople
invariouscountriesareinvolvedintheeffort.
D.Desertificationisextremelyhardtoreverseunlessthepopulationisreducedinthevastareasaffected.
托福阅读解题思路:
句子中最核心的信息首先就是该句的逻辑关系.原句的逻辑关系可以由result
from
来判断,为因果关系.借此我们就可以缩小选项范围,首先排除掉C,D选项.剩下的A,B两个选项均包含因果的逻辑关系.接下来我们可以根据句子的第二种核
心信息:主语,来判断.原句的主语是Desertification沙漠化,而B项的主语是Slowingdowntheprocessof
desertification减缓沙漠化进程.所以排除掉B选项,A为正确答案.
将通过程度词解题和借助逻辑关系解题结合起来,对于解答带有逻辑关系的复杂句的释义题很有帮助.我们看一下下面这道题目:
Itisoneofthemostimportantsensationsbecauseitistranslatedintoanegativereaction,suchaswithdrawalfromdanger.
Whichsentencebelowbestexpressesthe
essentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?
Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveout
essentialinformation.
A.Escapingfromdangerisanegativereaction,butitisthemostimportantthinganindividuallearns.
B.Theabilitytosensepainisextremelyimportantbecausepainsignalsthebodytorespondtoathreat.
C.Experiencingpainisonetypeofreactiontoanegativestimulus;anothertypeisavoidingdanger.
D.Weexperiencealotofsensations,andthemostimportantonesaretranslatedintoappropriateactions.
浏览原句,从because可以看出逻辑关系为因果关系,并且原句当中有绝对化词汇
most.仅仅凭借most这个程度很强的词汇我们可以排除C选项.因为原文当中带有绝对化词汇而选项中没有,那么这个选项为必错选项.接下来利用逻辑关
系排除A项,A中为转折关系.而B恰恰有because这个词,此外B中的extremely可以作为most的同义替换.正确答案为B.
几乎每一篇文章后面都会有一道释义题,因此考生应加强练习.平时在阅读文章,或者报
刊杂志的时候不仅仅要把注意力放在读懂原文上,还应该注意原文的逻辑关系,培养根据逻辑关系思考的习惯.另外,一些程度词的存在也会影响我们对原文的精确
理解,平时阅读的时候应当多加关注.
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