新托福写作句式变化:短句变长句
朗阁海外考试研究中心
有很多同学都相当困惑,究竟什么样口味的句子才是ETS阅卷官们喜欢的呢?其实,在新托福写作中,终极口味为“具体具体再具体”,Youcannotbemorespecific.这也意味着,句子越细节,你的得分越高,但绝不是生搬硬套东拉西扯。所以本次讲解的核心技能就是扩充句子,使其获得由短变长的飞跃。究竟怎样扩充句子呢?有如下方式:
1.增加并列成分;
2.增加修饰成分;
3.增加从句;
4.增加连词;
如以下例句:
Theygrowlonghair.
这个句子没有任何闪光点,我们利用以上扩充方法来修改这句话,变成了如下的句子:
Theygrowlonghair,regardlessofthegender,usuallypartofwhichisdyedingold.
这句话就相当璀璨夺目,有修饰成分,也有从句。
同理,做以下的三个练习:
1.Theywearjeans.
Theywearjeansineachandeveryseason,monlykneesofwhicharedeliberatetorn.
2.Boyswearearrings.
Boysarekeenonearringsandotherweirdornaments.
3.Girlssmoke.
GirlsarefondofMarlborosorsomeoddbadwords.
以下为一组多个句子组成的一段话。
Energyismuchneedednow.Andnuclearplantsarecleanandeconomical.Theycanproducevastamountsofenergy.Butpeople,especiallylocalresidentsareveryconcernedaboutsafety.Theyholdastrongnegativeattitudetowardthem.
这几个句子都是简单句,虽然表达的意思很清楚,但是明显没有满足ETS的口味偏好,下面我们将上述句子搭配成完整的复杂句。合并句子的准则为:同一个词汇可以合并,变成从句或修饰成分,例如“energy”、“people”。修改后的句子为:
Nuclearplantsareacleanandeconomicalwayofproducingvastamountsofmuch-neededenergy;howeverpeople,especiallylocalresidents,whoareveryconcernedaboutsafety,holdastrongnegativeattitudetowardthem.
同理,做两个练习:
修改前:Somepeoplesucceed.Otherpeoplefail.Thedifferenceisnotthenumberofopportunities.Itiswhethertheycantakeadvantageofopportunities.Opportunitieswillariseinthecourseofone’slife,thoughtheyarerare.
修改后:Oneessentialdifferencebetweenthosewhosucceedandthosewhofailistheextenttowhichtheytakeadvantageofopportunitiesratherthanthenumberofopportunities,whichwillinevitablyarise,ifrarely,inthecourseofone’slife.
修改前:Collegestudentsnowareprimarilyinterestedingradesandeconomicsuccess.Theyareexpectedtocheatmorefrequently.Theyareunlikethosegraduatedtenyearsago.Theyareonlyinterestedintheirownpersonalfutureandconsiderlittletheproblemofsociety.
修改后:Collegestudents,primarilyinterestedingradesandeconomicsuccess,areexpectedtocheatmorefrequentlythanthosewhograduatedtenyearsagoandarefarlessconcernedwiththeproblemofsocietythanwiththeirownpersonalfuture.
至此大家应该知道如何使短句变长句了,同学们要时刻牢记:不积跬步无以至千里,不积小流无以成江海。写作的终极目的是考察学生的语言能力,平庸的短句是无法吸引考官眼球的。