朗阁海外考试研究中心
文章标题 |
Groundwater |
所属话题 |
自然科学类之地球科学 |
文章体裁 |
科技说明文 |
文章结构 |
分类 |
难度系数 |
文章难度★★★★★ 题目难度:★★★★ |
各题型数量 |
词汇题(5题) 直接事实题(3题) 否定排除题(1题) 推论题(1题) 句子简化题(1题) 修辞目的题(1题) 插入文本题(1题) 摘要题(1题) |
高频话题词 总结 |
groundwater 地下水 saturate 浸透,浸湿 abundant 大量的,充足的,丰富的 soak 浸泡,浸透,湿透 emerge 出现,暴露 incredible 不可思议的,惊人的,难以置信的 particle 颗粒,微粒 consolidate 合并,巩固,加强 beneath 在…的下方 sediment 沉淀物,沉积物 glacial 冰的,冰(河)川的 melt 融化,溶解 deposit 寄存,放置,安置 current 水流 seafloor 海底 inland 内地,内陆 riverbed 河床 sandbar 沙洲 dissolve 溶解,融化 consist 包含 bubble 泡,水泡 porosity 多孔性,有孔性 permeability 渗透性,可渗透性 ease 轻松,容易 drain 排水,流干 solid 固体的,结实的,可靠的 tension 张力,拉力 vary 变化 pore 毛孔,气孔,细孔 overcome 战胜,克服 |
长难句 |
1. Groundwater is the word used to describe water that saturates the ground, filling all the available spaces.
分析:主句为Groundwater is the word;used to describe water为过去分词短语作定语,做word的定语;that saturates the ground, filling all the available spaces为定语从句,做water的定语,关系词为that;在此定语从句中,filling all the available spaces为现在分词短语做伴随状语。
2. The water was always laden with pebbles, gravel, and sand, known as glacial outwash, that was deposited as the flow slowed down.
分析:主句为The water was always laden with pebbles, gravel, and sand;“known as glacial outwash”为过去分词短语做定语,做pebbles, gravel, and sand的定语;“that was deposited as the flow slowed down.”为定语从句,做glacial outwash的定语,关系词为that。
3. The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope.
分析:主句为“The same thing happens”;“to this day”为时间状语;“though on a smaller scale”为让步状语;“wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope.”为wherever引导的地点状语从句,在此地点状语从句中“dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope.”为现在分词短语做伴随状语,而此伴随状语中冒号后面的内容为解释前文。 |
自然科学类之地球科学的 其他话题 |
地球构造(地壳、构成元素、活动) 气候(城市热岛、天气预报、风向风蚀) 岩土(矿物、土壤、化石、冻土) 火山(成因、预测) 冰川(冰川、海岸线、水资源) 沙漠(分类、特例、形成) |
文章标题
Desert Formation
所属话题
自然科学类之地球科学
文章体裁
科技说明文
文章结构
原因(cause)/ 结果(effect)
难度系数
文章难度★★★ 题目难度:★★★
各题型数量
词汇题(4题) 直接事实题(4题) 否定排除题(1题)
句子简化题(1题) 推理题(1题) 插入文本题(1题)
摘要题(1题)
高频话题词
总结
formation 形成
alarming 使人惊慌的,使人害怕的
previous 先前的,以前的
desertification 沙漠化
primarily 首要地,主要地,根本上
stabilize (使)稳定,(使)稳固
vegetation 植物,草木
subsequent 后来的,随后的
accelerate 加速
erosion 腐蚀,侵蚀,磨损
accumulate 堆积,积累
retain 保持
absorb 吸收
substantial 大量的,相当程度的,重大的
transfer 转移
penetration 渗透,穿透
runoff 流量,径流,溢流
progressive 逐渐的,逐步的
deterioration 恶化
semiarid 半干旱的
delicate 纤弱的,易损的
ecological 生态的
potential 潜力,潜能
adjust 适应,调整
subject 使经受,使遭受
excess 超过
specific 明确的,具体的,特种的
contributor 原因,促成因素
overcultivation 过度种植
overgrazing 过度放牧
overirrigation 过度灌溉
density 密度
severe 严重的
necessitate 使...成为必要,需要
prior 先前的
removal 除去,消除
extensive 广泛的
devoid 缺乏,没有
susceptible 易受影响的
livestock 家畜,牲畜
dominant 主导的,支配的
excessive 过多的
trample 践踏,蹂躏
pulverization 开裂
valuable 有价值的
nutrient 营养
salinization 盐化
dissolve 溶解,融化
evaporate 蒸发
tremendous 极大的,巨大的
reverse 逆转,颠倒
长难句
1. The impact of raindrops on the loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the tiniest soil spaces, sealing them and producing a surface that allows very little water penetration.
分析:主句为“The impact of raindrops on the loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the tiniest soil spaces”;“sealing them and producing a surface that allows very little water penetration.”为并列的两个现在分词短语做伴随状语,连接词省掉;在此伴随状语中“that allows very little water penetration.”为定语从句,做a surface的定语,关系词为that。
2. The gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability to absorb water results in the further loss of vegetation, so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established.
分析:主句为“The gradual drying of the soil results in the further loss of vegetation”;“caused by its diminished ability to absorb water”为过去分词短语做定语,做The gradual drying of the soil的定语;“so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established.”为so that引导的结果状语从句。
3. The water evaporates and the salts are left behind, creating a white crustal layer that prevents air and water from reaching the underlying soil.
分析:此句为并列句,“The water evaporates”和“the salts are left behind”并列;“creating a white crustal layer”为现在分词短语做伴随状语;“that prevents air and water from reaching the underlying soil”为定语从句,做a white crustal layer的定语,关系词为that。
自然科学类之地球科学的其他话题
地球构造(地壳、构成元素、活动)
气候(城市热岛、天气预报、风向风蚀)
岩土(矿物、土壤、化石、冻土)
火山(成因、预测)
冰川(冰川、海岸线、水资源)
沙漠(分类、特例)